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Induced by growth, soft-tissue organs deform themselves as part of normal physiological operations, and specific TODs are generated to achieve particular functional needs of the TOs. When TODs are initiated partially or fully by growth involving internal volume changes, morphoelasticity is commonly used to illustrate how growth contributes to the total deformation.

Growth is particularly recognized as a significant factor initiating TODs that lead to organ spatial structural responses that are adaptive or pathological. Biological growth means change of mass for organs, which includes increase or reduction of mass that leads to changes in tissue volume or tissue density. Various models have been developed to study TODs and assist in explaining corresponding deformation-related organ functions in physiopathological conditions. Soft tissues are generally considered as hyperelastic materials. Tubular organ deformations (TODs) significantly facilitate organ function in the transport of air, fluid, waste, or other materials through the lumens of TOs typical TODs include, but are not limited to, deformations of blood vessels, lymph vessels, air ways, esophagi, human cervices, colons, and urethrae. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Д¬ompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Дeformations of soft-tissue tubular organs (TOs) are common in human bodies. Kun Gou is also grateful to the support from the Summer Faculty Fellowship Program of the College of Arts and Sciences and a University Research Council Grant from Texas A&M University-San Antonio.

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ДЇunding: This publication is supported by the Professional Development Fund of Texas A&M University- San Antonio for Dr.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Дata Availability: The URLs for all the data stored in a public repository are as below. Received: JanuAccepted: JPublished: August 11, 2021Д¬opyright: В© 2021 Gou et al. Integration of further biochemical and cellular activities that initiate and mediate such complex growth remains to be explored.Д¬itation: Gou K, Baek S, Lutnesky MMF, Han H-C (2021) Growth-profile configuration for specific deformations of tubular organs: A study of growth-induced thinning and dilation of the human cervix. The results reveal that complex growth may occur inside tissues to achieve certain tubular deformations. Modeling such mixed growth represents an advancement beyond commonly used uniform growth inside tissues to study tubular deformations. The computational results demonstrate that both negative radial growth and positive circumferential growth facilitate thinning and dilation. An advanced hyperelasticity theory called morphoelasticity is employed to model the deformations, and a growth tensor is used to represent growth in three principle directions. In this article, the human cervix during pregnancy is studied as an example to show how cervical thinning and dilation are generated by growth. However, deformation-targeted growth is rarely studied. Configuring growth profiles that achieve particular deformation patterns is critical for analyzing potential pathological conditions and for developing corresponding clinical treatments for tubular organ dysfunctions. Growth is a significant factor that results in deformations of tubular organs, and particular deformations associated with growth enable tubular organs to perform certain physiological functions.